<html>
Dear Etienne, <font face="arial" size=2> Ton, Roger, Jean-Pierre and
other colleagues,<br><br>
</font>Concerning the choose of a specific date determining if a species
has to be considered like exotic or naturalized, Pysek (1998) proposed to
consider as exotic a species reaching the introduction area as
consequence of the activities of neolithic or postneolithic man or of his
domestic animals.<br>
In the exotic species, he distinguished two goups. The archaeophytes:
exotics introduced before 1500, and neophytes: introduced after 1500. In
the attached paper, he showed that a difference exists between these two
groups: the archaeophytes are more linked to the rural environment, the
neophytes are closely associated to human activities... consequently, the
invasive species are more often neophytes.<br><br>
This conclusion could be used in our list to identify exotic to consider.
I mean that archaeophytes could not be considered... <br><br>
However, like mentionned by Etienne, Kolar & Lodge in TREE (2001)
concluded that "no pattern between time since introduction and
successful competion of an invasion transition has been observed across
taxa. A study aiming to predict the Australian weed status of plants even
found invasiveness to be greater for longer-established species"...
in contradiction with Pysek. Etienne proposes then to merge the classes C
and D and named this class Non invasive exotic species ? Exotic species
with low detrimental impact ? ...<br><br>
I join the article<br><br>
Sincerely,<br><br>
Nora PIERET<br><br>
<br><br>
<br>
<br>
At 17:36 20/01/2006 +0100, you wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite><font face="arial" size=2>Dear Ton,
Roger, Jean-Pierre and other colleagues,</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>I think the question of definition is really
fundamental. For me, it's important to focus on the species that can
cause detrimental impact to environment, economy or public health and to
use this list as a tool to make awareness about the negative impact some
exotic species can have (= invasive species).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>That's why I would like to propose not to have
a single list including all the exotic species living in Belgium, but to
make the distinction between the four categories described in the
attached document : black list, watch list, list of non invasive exotic
species and list of exotic naturalised species. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>As proposed by the Swiss Commission of Wild
Plant Conservation, I think it's important to focus on the two former
categories as they include exotic species that need to be monitored
because of their potential detrimental impact (see e.g.
<a href="http://www.cps-skew.ch/francais/liste_noire.htm">http://www.cps-skew.ch/francais/liste_noire.htm</a>).
On the other hand, species of the two latter categories are only of minor
importance as they probably do not represent any threat.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>I would like to ask you if we can agree on the
definitions of those categories, before trying to modify the Belgian
species list accordingly and to develop black list and watch list for
Belgium
(<a href="http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species/species">http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species/species</a>).
</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Thank you very much in advance for your help
and suggestions. Best regards,</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Etienne</font><br>
<br>
<dl>
<dd>----- Original Message -----
<dd>From:</b> <a href="mailto:ton.vanhaaren@aquasense.nl">Ton van
Haaren</a>
<dd>To:</b> <a href="mailto:invasive-species@biodiversity.be">Invasive
alien species in Belgium</a>
<dd>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 17, 2006 10:41 AM
<dd>Subject:</b> RE: [Invasive-species] New webpages for the Belgian
Forum on Invasive Species<br><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>Dear All</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>As you may notice, the WEW has a different opinion about the
definition of an alien species. We add all species that are
non-indigenous to The Netherlands and are introduced into our country
through the dissappearance of a barrier of dispersal. Barriers that were
formerly present and prevented species to disperse themselves are removed
and consequently these species could arrive in our country. This could be
the construction of canals, shipping, by air etc. One of the most
important barriers between the Danube river basis and the Rhine river
basis was removed in sept. 1992 through the construction of the
Main-Danube channel. This definition also means that we do not
discriminate in species that has any effect and species that has an
effect (economical, ecological or public health) or species that are
invasive or non-invasive or species that are succesfull or unsuccesfull.
We have chosen to do so for it may occur that one species in one
particular period is succesfull and later on (re-introduces or else)
succesfull and invasive.
</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>It is up to you were you draw the line. Most of the Dutch species
mentioned in our list have no (noticable) effect what so ever. But the
effect on the community in a certain habitat is not that easy to
establish. For instance the mysid-shrimp Limnomysis benedeni and the
gammarid shrimp Dikerogammarus villosus appear to have an effect on the
indigenous fauna. But both species probably are invasive in our river
systems because they were 'empty'. In habitats with a reasonable
development of indigenous fauna both species are less abundant.
Procambarus clarkii, Hemimysis anomala, Atyaephyra and many other species
are non-invasive (except for instance Orconectes limosus and Eriocheir
chinensis). The mosquitoe Aedes albopictus is only recorded in the
Netherlands in glasshouses and not in wild. But all those species will
appear in our Dutch list for they fitt the description of our definition.
But it is essential to describe in the Belgian list what your definition
of an exotic species is. In The Netherlands the term 'exotic' has many
definitions, it depends on what kind of people they are (scientists,
newspapers, civilians, bird-watchers
etc.)</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>best wishes</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>Ton van Haaren</font><br><br>
<hr>
<font face="tahoma" size=2>
<dd>From:</b> BRANQUART Etienne
[<a href="mailto:E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be" eudora="autourl">mailto:E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be</a>]
<dd>Sent:</b> Monday, January 16, 2006 12:46 PM
<dd>To:</b> Invasive alien species in Belgium
<dd>Subject:</b> Re: [Invasive-species] New webpages for the Belgian
Forum on Invasive Species</font><font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>Dear Ton, Jean-Pierre and other colleagues,</font>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>Thank you very much for these additional remarks. I have to say that
I'm very impressed by the amount of information gathered by the Werkgroep
Ecologisch Waterbeheer
(<a href="http://www.wew.nu\exoten">www.wew.nu\exoten</a>). I updated the
information presented on
<a href="http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species/species">http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species/species</a>
accordingly.</font>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>The question is where to stop. As stated by Leo, there are hundreds of adventive and naturalized plant species for Belgium but only a few of them are known to be detrimental for environment. We decided earlier to include in that list species that (i) are non indigenous, (ii) were recorded in Belgium and (iii) are either in strong geographical expansion or are known to produce detrimental impacts on environment sensu lato. According to those criteria, it can be asked if we have to include in the list species as Procambarus clarkii, Hemimysis anomala, Atyaephyra demareti, etc. Any opinion ?</font>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>Some additional questions : </font>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>(i) what to do with Stenopelmus rufinasus, which is feeding exclusively on Azolla (known as an IAS in Belgium) and can be considered as a good biocontrol agent for this species (see <a href="http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/aqua/apis/biocontrol/html/stenopel.html">http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/aqua/apis/biocontrol/html/stenopel.html</a>, <a href="http://sunsite.wits.ac.za/env/apes.htm">http://sunsite.wits.ac.za/env/apes.htm</a>, <a href="http://www.invasive.org/publications/xsymposium/Session9.html">http://www.invasive.org/publications/xsymposium/Session9.html</a>...) ?</font><font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>(ii) what to do with bark beetles as Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus which are mainly damaging spruce trees, which are not considered as indigenous in Belgium ?</font><font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>(iii) what to do with Nysius huttoni, a bug from New Zealand which is known to produce huge damage on wheat and cruciferous crops... but can also feed on numerous wild plants in Europe ?</font><font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>(iv) what to do with Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector of the human West Nile Virus ?</font>
<dd>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>Thank for your ideas and suggestions. Cheers,</font>
<dd> <font face="arial" size=2>
<dd>Etienne</font>
<dd>
<dd>
<dd> ----- Original Message -----
<dd>From:</b> <a href="mailto:ton.vanhaaren@aquasense.nl">Ton van Haaren</a>
<dd>To:</b> <a href="mailto:invasive-species@biodiversity.be">Invasive alien species in Belgium</a>
<dd>Sent:</b> Wednesday, January 11, 2006 10:36 AM
<dd>Subject:</b> RE: [Invasive-species] New webpages for the Belgian Forum on Invasive Species<br><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>Dear Etienne</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
<dd>I have seen the invasive species list of Belgium and I do think that the list is somewhat short. Although I do not have any idea how many species and which species really do occur in Belgium, but there are some errors made in that list. As a member of the Dutch version of invasive species forum, I'm responsible for the invertebrate list of the invasive species in The Netherland presented on <a href="http://www.wew.nu\exoten">www.wew.nu\exoten</a>. While verifying the Dutch list with the Belgian list there are some differences of which I mention some below. Also the list of freshwater species of the higher plants must be longer than this (5 species!). in The Netherland there are about 30 species recorded.</font>
</dl>
<ol><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the absence of Corbicula fluminalis strikes me. It has been introduced in The Netherlands in 1988.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Dreissena polymorpha most likely originates from the Ponto-Caspian area</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Mytilopsis leucophaeta is a species that originates from N-America or NW-Africa. The first European record is from 1835 from the harbour of Antwerpen. The original distribution area is the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Atlantic Ocean.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Astacus leptodactylus originates form Eastern Europe</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Chelicorophium curvispinum, Dikerogammarus villosus and D. hamobaphes originate from the Ponto-Caspian area.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Dikerogammarus haemobaphes in Belgium seems unlikely, the nearest record in western Europe seems to be some few records in Germany. Recent claims from this species in the Nertherlands were all female or specimens with an artefact.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Orchestia cavimana originate from southern Europe</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the North-American Gammarus tigrinus is quit common in The Netherlands since 1960. It seems likely that this species also occurs in Belgium.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the absence of both Hemimysis anomala and Limnomysis benedeni seems peculiar. The last species is extremely common throughout The Netherlands since it was introduced in 1997.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the absence of Atyaephyra desmaresti (a meditterenean species). This species has been collected in Belgium for the first time in 1886.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the oligochaet Quistadrilus multisetosis also occurs in Belgium and originates from North-America. This species had probably been introduced (at least in The Netherland) around 1980.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the mosquitoe Aedes albopictus also occurs in Belgium as an invasive species from North-America or Asia. There is a record from 2003 from Antwerpen. Although I understand this species is deliberately omitted from the list, for it's a vector of a human disease.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the beetle Stenopelmus rufinasus is a north-American species that has been introduced in France at the beginning of the 20th century. Between 1915-1922 the beetle arrived in The Netherlands and is now extremely common on and between Azolla.</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
the fish Ctenopharyngidon idellus originates (Dutch specimens) from china</font><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix originates from Russia or China</font>
</ol><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Note that this is just a short list of Dutch species, and that the origin or introduction year maybe different in Belgium. You may check our list on <a href="http://www.wew.nu\exoten">www.wew.nu\exoten</a>.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Best wishes</font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Ton van Haaren</font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Grontmij|AquaSense</font><br>
<br>
<br>
<hr>
<font face="tahoma" size=2>From:</b> BRANQUART Etienne [<a href="mailto:E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be" eudora="autourl">mailto:E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be</a>] <br>
Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 10, 2006 4:47 PM<br>
To:</b> invasive-species@biodiversity.be<br>
Subject:</b> [Invasive-species] New webpages for the Belgian Forum on Invasive Species<br>
</font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Dear all,</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>New webpages of the Belgian Forum on Invasive Species have been developed and are accessible from the following URL :</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2><a href="http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species">http://www.biodiversity.be/thematic-forums/invasive-alien-species</a></font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>As you'll see, the list of invasive alien species in Belgium has been updated, thanks to the contribution of numerous forum members. I would like to take the opportunity to thank all of you who contributed to this task by sending information on new invasive species in Belgium. Species factsheets will be incorporated in the new website in a few days, including additional species profiles on fishes, parakeets, etc. A special thank to Dieter Anseeuw, Marie Pairon and Diederik Strubbe who prepared background information for those new profiles.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Of course, new species and information can be added to this reference list for Belgium. Please feel free to send new information on the list or directly to my e-mail address.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>On those pages, new information is also avaiable on international IAS resources (working groups, research networks, etc.), thematic news and events, etc. Additional information on legislation and other IAS-related issues will be also developed in the future. Any comment or suggestion is very welcome.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Very best regards,</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Etienne Branquart</font><br>
<br>
<font face="arial" size=2>==========================================================================<br>
<br>
Dr. Etienne Branquart<br>
Belgian Biodiversity Platform (SPO)<br>
<br>
Ministere de la Region wallonne<br>
Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forets et du Bois (DGRNE)<br>
Avenue Marechal Juin, 23<br>
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<br>
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Fax : + 32 (0)81 620 436<br>
E-mail : <a href="mailto:E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be">E.Branquart@mrw.wallonie.be</a><br>
URL: <a href="http://www.biodiversity.be">http://www.biodiversity.be</a><br>
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